The Effects of Vocal Modeling, Musical Aptitude, and Home Environment on Pitch Accuracy of Young Children

Diane Cummings Persellin

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Diverse Music Education Insights Neuroscience and Music Perception Music Education and Analysis

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of teaching models, musical aptitude, and home environment on vocal pitch accuracy of young children. Kindergartners (N = 134) in nine intact music classrooms were taught twice each week for eight months by one of three music teachers using one of the following treatments: A: the teacher always sang for, but never with, the children, B: the teacher always sang with, but never for, the children, and C: the teacher sang both for and with the children as she deemed appropriate. Children were pre- and post- tested using a Vocal Accuracy Assessment Instrument (Youngson & Persellin, 2001). The Primary Measures of Music Audiation (Gordon, 1979) and Home Musical Environment Scale (Brand, 1986) were also administered. Results indicated that all 3 treatments resulted in improved vocal accuracy, but no treatment effect significantly differed from the others. A significant positive relationship was found between the home musical environment and improvement in vocal accuracy (p = .0148).

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References

1989Demonstration and Recognition of High and Low Contrasts in Teacher Intensity 1996Teaching kids to sing 1986The Effect of High Versus Low Teacher Affect and Passive Versus Active Student Activity During Music Listening on Preschool Children's Attention, Piece Preference, Time Spent Listening, and Piece Recognition 1984Effects of Melodic Perception Instruction on Pitch Discrimination and Vocal Accuracy of Kindergarten Children 1994The Assessment of Singing 1986Relationship Between Home Musical Environment and Selected Musical Attributes of Second-Grade Children 1996The Effectiveness of Individual/ Small-Group Singing Activities on Kindergartners' Use of Singing Voice and Developmental Music Aptitude 1991Inaccurate Singers: An Exploratory Study of Variables Affecting Pitch-Matching.

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