Qualitative Inquiry in Clinical and Educational Settings

Abstract

Part 1. Foundations of Qualitative Inquiry. 1. Introduction to Qualitative Inquiry. Chapter Preview. A Rationale for Qualitative Research. Characteristics of Qualitative Research. The Qualitative-Quantitative Debate. A Brief History of Qualitative Inquiry. Qualitative Inquiry Today: Applied Research in Clinical and Educational Settings. Building a Research Agenda. Top 10 Things You Should Know about Qualitative Research. Chapter Summary. Recommended Readings.2. Qualitative Research Paradigms and Traditions. Chapter Preview. A Cautionary Note. Philosophies of Science. Research Paradigms. Research Traditions. The Universal Tradition: Case Study. Experience and Theory Formulation: Grounded Theory, Phenomenology, Heuristic Inquiry, and Consensual Qualitative Research. The Meaning of Symbol and Text: Symbolic Interaction, Semiotics, Life History, Hermeneutics, and Narratology. Cultural Expressions of Process and Experience: Ethnography, Ethnomethodology and Autoethnography. Research as a Change Agent: Participatory Action Research. Chapter Summary. Recommended Readings. 3. Ethical Issues in Qualitative Research. Chapter Preview. A Case for Ethics in Qualitative Research. A Brief History of Research Ethics. Ethical Guidelines in Clinical and Educational Disciplines. Key Ethical Concepts in Qualitative Research. Additional Ethical Considerations in Qualitative Inquiry. Chapter Summary. Recommended Readings. Part 2. Qualitative Research Design. 4. Selecting a Topic. Chapter Preview. Selecting a Topic. Research Goals. Conceptual Framework. Purpose Statement. Research Questions. Is a Mixed Methods Approach Suitable? Chapter Summary. Recommended Readings. 5. Understanding the Researcher's Role. Chapter Preview. Reflexivity. Subjectivity in Qualitative Inquiry. Voice of Participants in Qualitative Research. Use of Peer Debriefers. To Use a Research Team-or Not? Chapter Summary. Recommended Readings. 6. Entering the Field. Chapter Preview. Entering the Field. Choosing a Sampling Method. Purposeful Sampling Methods. Sample Size. Selecting and Entering a Site. Building Rapport with Gatekeepers, Stakeholders, and Key Informants. Exiting the Field. Chapter Summary. Recommended Readings. 7. Establishing Trustworthiness. Chapter Preview. What Is Good Research? Validity and Qualitative Research. Role of the Researcher, Revisited. Criteria of Trustworthiness. Strategies of Trustworthiness. Additional Considerations in Establishing Trustworthiness. Chapter Summary. Recommended Readings. Part 3. Data Collection and Analysis. 8. Data Collection via Fieldwork, Interviewing, and Focus Groups. Chapter Preview. Linking Method to Research Design. Observations. Individual Interviews. Other Data Collection Considerations. Chapter Summary. Recommended Readings. 9. Data Collection Using the Internet, Documents, or Arts-Based Methods. Chapter Preview. General Reminders about Selecting Data Collection Method(s). Media as Method and Source of Data Collection. Using the Internet for Data Collection. Using Visual Methods for Data Collection. Using Written Materials for Data Collection. Using Other Documents for Data Collection. Chapter Summary. Recommended Readings. 10. The Basics of Qualitative Data Management and Analysis. Chapter Preview. Qualitative Data Analysis. Steps of Qualitative Data Analysis. Coding Considerations. Additional Generic Strategies of Qualitative Data Analysis. Qualitative Data Management. Case Displays. Qualitative Software. Chapter Summary. Recommended Readings. 11. Qualitative Data Analysis by Research Tradition. Chapter Preview. General Thinking on Qualitative Data Analysis across Traditions. Qualitative Data Analysis with the Universal Tradition: The Case Study. Qualitative Data Analysis in Experience and Theory Formulation: Grounded Theory, Consensual Qualitative Research, Phenomenology, and Heuristic Inquiry. Qualitative Data Analysis with Symbol and Text: Narratology, Biography, and Hermeneutics. Qualitative Data Analysis of Cultural Expressions of Process and Experience: Ethnography, Ethnomethodology, and Autoethnography. Qualitative Data Analysis when Research is a Change Agent: Participatory Action Research. Postscript: A Final Note on Qualitative Data Analysis. Chapter Summary. Recommended Readings. Part 4. Presenting Your Qualitative Research. 12. Writing and Presenting Qualitative Research. Chapter Preview. Developing a Research Proposal. Writing a Quality Proposal. Writing the Research Report. Presenting Your Findings in Student and Professional Settings. Publishing your Findings. Chapter Summary. Recommended Readings. Appendix A. Glossary of Key Terms. Appendix B. Sample Qualitative Proposals.

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