Article2015

The Role of Schooling in Perpetuating Educational Inequality

William H. Schmidt · Nathan A. Burroughs · Pablo Zoido · Richard T. Houang

381 citations0/0 files storedEducational Researcher

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School Choice and Performance Global Educational Policies and Reforms Intergenerational and Educational Inequality Studies

Abstract

In this paper, student-level indicators of opportunity to learn (OTL) included in the 2012 Programme for International Student Assessment are used to explore the joint relationship of OTL and socioeconomic status (SES) to student mathematics literacy. Using multiple methods, we find consistent evidence that (a) OTL has a significant relationship to student outcomes, (b) a positive relationship exists between SES and OTL, and (c) roughly a third of the SES relationship to literacy is due to its association with OTL. These relationships hold across most countries and both within and between schools within countries. Our findings suggest that in most countries, the organization and policies defining content exposure may exacerbate educational inequalities.

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1927North Carolina Law Review 2014A Model of School Learning 1963A Model of School Learning 2012SES differences in language processing skill and vocabulary are evident at 18 months 2009Teacher Preparation and Student Achievement 2006What accounts for international differences in student performance? A re-examination using PISA data 2002What Large-Scale, Survey Research Tells Us about Teacher Effects on Student Achievement: Insights from the Prospects Study of Elementary Schools 2010Assessing English Language Learners’ Opportunity to Learn Mathematics: Issues and Limitations

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2018Achievement at school and socioeconomic background—an educational perspective 2017Subjectivity of teacher judgments: Exploring student characteristics that influence teacher judgments of student ability 2019A Review of the Literature on Teacher Effectiveness and Student Outcomes 2016School characteristics moderating the relation between student socio-economic status and mathematics achievement in grade 8. Evidence from 50 countries in TIMSS 2011 2018

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