The Reciprocal Relationship Between Work Characteristics and Employee Burnout and Engagement: A Longitudinal Study of Firefighters

Rui Pedro Ângelo · María José Chambel

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Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior Stress and Burnout Research Workaholism, burnout, and well-being

Abstract

The paradigm of this study is positive occupational psychology, with the job demands-resources model as the research model and the Conservation of Resources theory as the general stress theory. The research design analyses the job demands-resources model's dynamic nature with normal and reversed causation effects between work characteristics and psychological well-being among Portuguese firefighters. In addition, we analyse a positive (engagement) dimension and a negative (burnout) dimension in the firefighters' well-being, because previously, studies have merely focused on the strain or stress of these professionals. The research questionnaire was distributed to a sample of 651 firefighters, and a two-wave full panel design was used. Cross-lagged panel analyses indicated that the causal direction of the relationship between organizational demands and burnout is reciprocal. Also, we found that the reciprocal model, including cross-lagged reciprocal relationships between organizational demands/supervisory support and burnout/engagement, respectively, is what fits the data best. Practical implications to develop organizational change programmes and suggestions for future research regarding the promotion of occupational health are discussed.

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References

2003Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies.1989Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress.2001The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions.2007The Job Demands‐Resources model: state of the art 1979Job Demands, Job Decision Latitude, and Mental Strain: Implications for Job Redesign 1977Estimating Nonresponse Bias in Mail Surveys 2002The Measurement of Engagement and Burnout: A Two Sample Confirmatory Factor Analytic Approach 2004Job demands, job resources, and their relationship with burnout and engagement: a multi‐sample study

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2017Role of Resilience in Mindfulness Training for First Responders 2017Work engagement or burnout: Which comes first? A meta-analysis of longitudinal evidence 2019Self-Efficacy as a Moderator between Stress and Professional Burnout in Firefighters 2017The association of gratitude with perceived stress and burnout among male firefighters in Korea 2015

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