Instantiation in Skilled and Less Skilled Comprehenders

Jane V. Oakhill

68 citations0/0 files storedThe Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A

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Reading and Literacy Development Language Development and Disorders Second Language Acquisition and Learning

Abstract

Previous research has shown that adults tend to infer particular meanings of words, according to their context, a process that has been termed instantiation. An experiment was carried out to investigate the relation between 7 to 8 year olds’ skill at reading comprehension and their ability to instantiate. A cued recall paradigm was used: the subjects were presented with a series of short sentences, and either the general noun that had appeared in the original sentence, or a particular noun that fitted the context, was given as a cue. The results showed that both skilled and less skilled comprehenders recalled the original sentences equally well, given the original nouns, but that the performance of the skilled group was superior when they were given the particular word cues, indicating that the skilled comprehenders were instantiating more readily. An independent test showed that their superior performance was not attributable to their better general knowledge.

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References

1983Mental Models 2017Theoretical Issues in Reading Comprehension 1976The role of inference in children's comprehension and memory for sentences 1982Referential continuity and the coherence of discourse 1978Instrument inferences in sentence encoding 1977The Development of Inferential Comprehension

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