Variation in language choice in extended speech in primary schools in Wales: implications for teacher education

ENLLI MÔN THOMAS · W. Gwyn Lewis · Dafydd Apolloni

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Multilingual Education and Policy EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning Linguistic and Sociocultural Studies

Abstract

Children's exposure to a minority language is often limited to the education domain. Consequently, educational establishments have an important role to play in maintaining and enhancing the linguistic achievements of minority first language (L1) speakers whilst at the same time developing the competence of those learning it as a second language (L2). This not only involves the provision of continuous exposure to the language, but also the need to elicit extended speech from the child. In order to identify the extent to which Welsh-speaking children (and L2 speakers in particular) are given enough opportunities to participate actively in extended conversations in Welsh, the linguistic interchanges between teacher and child in the classroom were examined in 10 schools across Wales. The results revealed that whilst children do have opportunities to respond in Welsh to verbal requests through extended speech in class, the extent to which L2-speaking children – and boys in particular – engage in such practices is limited. The implications of the results for classroom discourse strategies in minority language contexts are discussed.

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References

1998Meaningful Differences in the Everyday Experience of Young American Children 1996Meaningful differences in the everyday experience of young American children 1989Critical period effects in second language learning: The influence of maturational state on the acquisition of English as a second language 2006Individual differences in second language acquisition 1994Continuity in lexical and morphological development: a test of the critical mass hypothesis 2009Bilingual first-language development: Dominant language takeover, threatened minority language take-up 2002Language and Literacy in Bilingual Children 1984Language Proficiency and Academic Achievement

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2013Acquiring complex structures under minority language conditions: Bilingual acquisition of plural morphology in Welsh 2012Bilingual Welsh–English children's acquisition of vocabulary and reading: implications for bilingual education 2016Minority language abandonment in Welsh-medium educated L2 male adolescents: classroom, not chatroom 2015Re-negotiating ideologies of bilingualism on the margins of education

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