Article2009

Dyslexic Children Show Short-Term Memory Deficits in Phonological Storage and Serial Rehearsal: An fMRI Study

Harald Beneventi · Finn Egil Tønnessen · Lars Ersland

49 citations0/0 files storedInternational Journal of Neuroscience

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Reading and Literacy Development Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology

Abstract

Dyslexia is primarily associated with a phonological processing deficit. However, the clinical manifestation also includes a reduced verbal working memory (WM) span. It is unclear whether this WM impairment is caused by the phonological deficit or a distinct WM deficit. The main aim of this study was to investigate neuronal activation related to phonological storage and rehearsal of serial order in WM in a sample of 13-year-old dyslexic children compared with age-matched nondyslexic children. A sequential verbal WM task with two tasks was used. In the Letter Probe task, the probe consisted of a single letter and the judgment was for the presence or absence of that letter in the prior sequence of six letters. In the Sequence Probe (SP) task, the probe consisted of all six letters and the judgment was for a match of their serial order with the temporal order in the prior sequence. Group analyses as well as single-subject analysis were performed with the statistical parametric mapping software SPM2. In the Letter Probe task, the dyslexic readers showed reduced activation in the left precentral gyrus (BA6) compared to control group. In the Sequence Probe task, the dyslexic readers showed reduced activation in the prefrontal cortex and the superior parietal cortex (BA7) compared to the control subjects. Our findings suggest that a verbal WM impairment in dyslexia involves an extended neural network including the prefrontal cortex and the superior parietal cortex. Reduced activation in the left BA6 in both the Letter Probe and Sequence Probe tasks may be caused by a deficit in phonological processing. However, reduced bilateral activation in the BA7 in the Sequence Probe task only could indicate a distinct working memory deficit in dyslexia associated with temporal order processing.

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References

2003A definition of dyslexia 2005Dyslexia (Specific Reading Disability)1998Functional disruption in the organization of the brain for reading in dyslexia 2003Developmental dyslexia: specific phonological deficit or general sensorimotor dysfunction?2000The neurological basis of developmental dyslexia: An overview and working hypothesis 2007What Phonological Deficit?1996Is developmental dyslexia a disconnection syndrome?1999Explicit and implicit processing of words and pseudowords by adult developmental dyslexics

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