Dysfunction of the auditory thalamus in developmental dyslexia

Begoña Díaz · Florian Hintz · Stefan J. Kiebel · Katharina von Kriegstein

108 citations0/0 files storedProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Reading and Literacy Development Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism Tactile and Sensory Interactions

Abstract

Developmental dyslexia, a severe and persistent reading and spelling impairment, is characterized by difficulties in processing speech sounds (i.e., phonemes). Here, we test the hypothesis that these phonological difficulties are associated with a dysfunction of the auditory sensory thalamus, the medial geniculate body (MGB). By using functional MRI, we found that, in dyslexic adults, the MGB responded abnormally when the task required attending to phonemes compared with other speech features. No other structure in the auditory pathway showed distinct functional neural patterns between the two tasks for dyslexic and control participants. Furthermore, MGB activity correlated with dyslexia diagnostic scores, indicating that the task modulation of the MGB is critical for performance in dyslexics. These results suggest that deficits in dyslexia are associated with a failure of the neural mechanism that dynamically tunes MGB according to predictions from cortical areas to optimize speech processing. This view on task-related MGB dysfunction in dyslexics has the potential to reconcile influential theories of dyslexia within a predictive coding framework of brain function.

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References

2003Theories of developmental dyslexia: insights from a multiple case study of dyslexic adults 1980Auditory temporal perception, phonics, and reading disabilities in children 1976Rapid ‘automatized’ naming (R.A.N.): Dyslexia differentiated from other learning disabilities 1997To see but not to read; the magnocellular theory of dyslexia 1996Language Comprehension in Language-Learning Impaired Children Improved with Acoustically Modified Speech 2001Dyslexia: Cultural Diversity and Biological Unity 1991Physiological and anatomical evidence for a magnocellular defect in developmental dyslexia.2002Disruption of posterior brain systems for reading in children with developmental dyslexia

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