No open-access location is known for this record yet.
No open-access location is known for this record yet.
The process of observing and evaluating teaching in an objective, consistent manner has become an integral part of all levels of contemporary academic life. College students preparing to be teachers are assigned to observe experienced practitioners. Supervisors, principals, and peer review evaluators are expected to support their evaluations of teaching for all levels from intern to master teacher with evidence based on direct observation. Since inconsistent or subjective techniques of appraisal rarely produce improved performance and may adversely affect a career, formal systems for noting observable behaviors associated with effective teaching represent attempts to produce reliable assessments as well as useful suggestions for a teacher's improvement. Examples of observation systems specific to teaching music have been published (Gonzo & Forsythe, 1976; Greer, 1980; Kostka, 1984; Madsen & Madsen, 1983; Madsen & Yarbrough, 1985; Yarbrough & Price, 1981) as well as studies to measure observers' accuracy, judgments, and skill at summative estimations (Duke, 1987; Duke & Blackman, 1991; Duke & Prickett, 1987; Madsen & Duke, 1985a, 1985b; Prickett, 1987a, 1987b; Prickett & Duke, 1986; Standley & Greenfield, 1987).
Loading…
Stored only when both papers are in the corpus — 8 citations exist upstream.
Papers that cite the same references — the relational fallback while embeddings are still backfilling.
Imported from OpenAlex (CC0) — nothing here is generated.