Gender Quotas for Legislatures and Corporate Boards

Melanie M. Hughes · Pamela M. Paxton · Mona Lena Krook

132 citations0/0 files storedAnnual Review of Sociology

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Gender Politics and Representation Gender and Feminist Studies Gender Diversity and Inequality

Abstract

The global proliferation of quotas for women over the past 30 years is both remarkable and consequential. Targeting decision-making positions historically resistant to women's equal inclusion, the adoption of electoral and corporate board quotas has at times been controversial. After adoption, quotas have influenced women's numbers, the performance and outcomes of decision-making bodies, and broader public attitudes. In this review, we distinguish among types of electoral and corporate quotas, trace arguments for and against the adoption of quotas, and review research on factors that influence quota adoption across time and space. After outlining the methodological difficulties in demonstrating an impact of gender quotas, we review research that is able to isolate an impact of quotas in politics and business. We conclude by providing several suggestions to ensure that future research continues to advance our understanding of the form, spread, and impact of gender quotas.

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References

2004Women as Policy Makers: Evidence from a Randomized Policy Experiment in India 2012The Changing of the Boards: The Impact on Firm Valuation of Mandated Female Board Representation *2011Women Directors on Corporate Boards: From Tokenism to Critical Mass 2012Female Leadership Raises Aspirations and Educational Attainment for Girls: A Policy Experiment in India 2009Powerful Women: Does Exposure Reduce Bias? *2011The Changing of the Boards: The Impact on Firm Valuation of Mandated Female Board Representation 1999Women's Representation in Parliament 2014Legislating a Woman’s Seat on the Board: Institutional Factors Driving Gender Quotas for Boards of Directors

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2019Studying Leaders and Elites: The Personal Biography Approach 2019How to Close the Gender Gap in Political Participation: Lessons from Matrilineal Societies in Africa 2020Gender Quotas on Corporate Boards: Similarities and Differences in Quota Scenarios 2022Board gender diversity and firm performance: evidence from Latin America 2022Shine Bright Like a Diamond: When Signaling Creates Glass Cliffs for Female Executives

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