Article1989

KIRKPATRICK'S LEVELS OF TRAINING CRITERIA: THIRTY YEARS LATER

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Human Resource Development and Performance Evaluation Evaluation of Teaching Practices Evaluation and Performance Assessment

Abstract

Kirkpatrick's model (1959a, 1959b, 1960a, 1960b) of training evaluation criteria has had widespread and enduring popularity. This model proposed four “levels” of training evaluation criteria: reactions, learning, behavior, and results. Three problematic assumptions of the model may be identified: (1) The levels are arranged in ascending order of information provided. (2) The levels are causally linked. (3) The levels are positively intercorrelated. This article examines the validity of these assumptions, the frequency of each level in published evaluation studies, correlations from the literature in regard to Assumptions 2 and 3, and implications for the researcher and training manager.

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References

1975Techniques for Evaluating Training Programs 1986Training in Organizations: Needs Assessment, Development, and Evaluation 1986THE INFLUENCE OF TRAINEE ATTITUDES ON TRAINING EFFECTIVENESS: TEST OF A MODEL 1967TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT HANDBOOK.

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