The Acquisition of Negation

Christine Dimroth

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Language Development and Disorders Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation Categorization, perception, and language

Abstract

The.acquisition.of.negation.has.fascinated.researchers.since.the.early.child. language.studies.in.the.beginning.of.the.last.century.and.has.been.a.fruitful. topic.of.inquiry.ever.since..This.might.have.to.do.with.the.clash.between. the.perplexing.complexity.of.negation.in.natural.languages.on.the.one.hand. and.the.observation.that.children.start.to.use.negation.early.and.apparently. without.major.problems.on.the.other..A.word.for.negation.is.typically.one. of.the.first.words.children.learn,.and,.often.to.the.regret.of.their.care-givers,. it. is. also. “one.of. the.most. consistently.used.words. throughout. the. singleword.utterance.period”.(Pea.1980:.178)..These.early.negation.words.differ. from.most.other.early.words.in.that.they.are.inherently.relational.in.nature.. As.early.as.1928,.Stern.and.Stern.already.noticed.the.head.start.of.no.and. equivalents,. which. typically. also. precede. their. affirmative. counterpart. (yes).in.child.language..Once.children.leave.the.one-word.stage.and.start.to. master.more.complex.syntactic.constructions,.negation.plays.a.leading.role. again..It.is.one.of.the.first.clausal.operators.that.children.productively.use.1 The.first. language.(L1).acquisition.of.negation.is.not.an.immediate.development,.however..Children’s.early.negation.words.do.not.cover.the.whole. array.of.negative.meanings.found.in.adult.language..The.language.specific. lexical.differentiation.negation.words.and.their.integration.into.fuller.utterances.takes.time.. Questions.regarding.the.acquisition.of.negation.as.one.of.the.first.clausal. operators.are.particularly.interesting.since.we.are.dealing.with.developing. systems..It.is.not.the.case.that.children.just.have.to.learn.how.to.add.negation. to.otherwise.complete. sentences..They.have. to. learn.how. to.express. negation.given.the.current.state.of.their.learner.language.. This. is. equally. true. for. second. language. (L2). acquisition. later. in. life.. The.main.difference.between.the.two.types.of.acquisition.lies.in.the.avail-

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References

1989A Natural History of Negation 1993Adult language acquisition : cross-linguistic perspectives 1995Linguistics and Second Language Acquisition 1975Early syntactic development: a cross-linguistic study with special reference to Finnish 1973One word at a time 1978The development of negation in early child language 1995Language development from two to three . By Lois Bloom. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.1987Cognition and Language Growth

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